A-level物理 | Motion and forcesMoment知识点回顾
A-level物理 | Motion and forcesMoment知识点回顾
Moment也是motion and forces这部分内容中比较重要的知识点,也有很多同学对这个知识点的理解不是很透彻,那么在今天的文章中我们就一起来学习一下moment。
Moment,也就是力矩,在日常生活中其实有很多应用,比如开门,拧螺丝,跷跷板等等,这都是应用力矩的例子。那么力矩到底是什么呢?
Moment重要知识点一:
● Moment is the turning effect.
●Moment is the product of the force andtheperpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force.
力矩就是力对物体产生使物体转动的效果,力矩的大小与力的大小以及从轴点到力的延长线上的垂直距离有关。在上面提到的例子当中,开门的时候,大家往往会从远离门轴的位置去开门,拧螺丝也会握住扳手的最远端。这样的做法其实都是在增加所说的垂直距离,可以用最小的力达到同样的转动效果。那么在这里我们要注意的是,所谓的垂直距离,是指从pivot point到力的延长线上的垂直距离。
Moment重要知识点二:
● The principle of moments:for an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments=the sum of the anticlockwise momentsabout the same point.
● For an object in equilibrium,the resultant force on it is zeroand theprinciple of moments should be applied (resultant moment is zero).
当物体在平衡状态下(in equilibrium), 物体resultant force为零,说明no motion,物体还需要resultant moment为零,说明no rotation。这两个in equilibrium的条件同学们在答题的时候也要注意哦。
下面我们用一道例题来看一下如何应对moment
A student is being weighed. The student, of weight W, stands 0.30m from end A of a uniform plank AB, as shown in Figure 1.
The plank has weight 80N and length 2.0m. A pivot P supports the plank and is 0.50m from end A.
A weight of 70N is moved to balance the weight of the student. The plank is in equilibrium when the weight is 0.20m from end B.
Determine the weight W of the student.
解题思路:题目中关键词是in equilibrium,那么可以用the principle of moments来计算。题中的plank weight 80N对应的距离为0.5m,weight 70N对应的距离为1.3m,这两个力的力矩是clockwise moment;学生的重力W对应的距离为0.2m,力矩是anticlockwise moment。
解题步骤:
Step1:the sum of clockwise moments = the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point
Step2: 70x1.3+80x0.5=Wx0.2
Step3:W=655N
希望同学们能通过今天的小文章更好地理解moment的知识点以及相关习题。
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